What are the materials and methods for making Oil Painting texture

Oil Painting often use texture to fully express the external characteristics of objects. Texture can make the picture produce a touchable special artistic effect, which is difficult to achieve with flat painting and coloring. It includes the texture of the canvas, rough ground, changes in brush strokes, the application of knife techniques and the use of additives.

There are many examples of the use of texture in ancient Oil Painting, and Rembrandt's texture production is part of his technique. Most of the classical painting masters use their own blended white to create textures, and then use transparent painting to paint them layer by layer. Modern painters usually use white powder and latex to make texture on the base or directly use white oil paint to make texture. For example, the painter Ai Xuan used white pigments to adjust the quick-drying oil, and used a large Langhao oil brush to lay out a fluffy texture in the places where the picture needs to be expressed by rubbing and other expressive methods.
The commonly used materials for making textures are:
(1) Lime powder. It can be developed into fine powder and sand, and can be mixed with oil paints, but not too much, otherwise the adhesion will be weakened.
(2) Marble powder. Similar to lime powder, but this lime powder is hard and heavy and not easy to grind.
(3) SAND. It needs to be washed with water before use, and it is easy to mix oil paints.
(4) Hematite powder. It needs to be fully blended with oil paints to obtain a uniform texture. Not suitable for thick usage.
(5) Others. Use evenly on glass, sawdust, weeds, etc.
No matter what kind of additives are used, it will affect the adhesion of the color. If you use a lot of additives, you can use varnish to increase the adhesion of this medium and make the surface shiny. Here are a few simple ways to create textures:
(1) Use large white powder or lithopone to whiten the latex into a paste, use a brush or a painting knife to create mottled pen mark textures where needed, or apply the white powder paste to the bottom layer, use knives, combs, rollers, etc. Create the desired texture.
(2) Dissolve dammar or matti resin in turpentine and then reconcile the white paint. When it reaches a certain consistency, use a brush or a large painting knife to create an ideal texture on the scraped canvas. After the turpentine volatilizes, the lead white will harden quickly (about two minutes), so the time must be properly controlled. If it is too late, the paint will harden and the texture will be difficult to create.
(3) It is very convenient to use acrylic paint or acrylic plastic paste to make textures, because acrylic materials dry quickly and can be stacked. However, if it is used on an oil base or a colored oil film, the acrylic paint is easy to peel off, so it should be polished with sandpaper before use.
(4) In the process of painting, you can change colors such as thin, thick, thin, and thick, and use brushstrokes and knife techniques to directly create uneven rough effects, or add sand, sawdust, glass crumbs, and bread crumbs to the paint. Grainy materials make textures.