A brief introduction to the classification of stone crafts

stone crafts can be divided into wood carvings, stone carvings, tooth carvings, bone carvings, lacquer carvings, shell carvings, root carvings, ice sculptures, clay sculptures, face sculptures, ceramic stone crafts, plaster statues, etc. according to the materials used; there are three basic forms of stone crafts: round carving, relief carving and open carving. , let me tell you about these three basic forms:

1. Round sculpture
The so-called round carvings refer to non-compressed three-dimensional stone crafts that can be appreciated from multiple directions and angles. There are also various techniques and forms, including realistic and decorative, concrete and abstract, indoor and outdoor, shelf and large-scale city sculptures, colored and non-colored, etc.; The subject matter is also rich and colorful, which can be figures, animals, or even still life; the material is even more colorful, including stone, wood, metal, clay sculpture, textile, paper, plant, rubber and so on. As one of the modeling techniques of stone crafts, round carving has a wide range of applications, and it is also a common form of stone crafts among ordinary people.
2. Relief
The so-called relief is the product of the combination of stone crafts and paintings. The object is processed by compression, and the three-dimensional space is expressed by factors such as perspective, and it is only for one or two sides to watch. Reliefs are generally attached to another plane, so they are used more in architecture and can often be seen on utensils. Due to its compressed characteristics, it occupies less space, so it is suitable for decoration in many environments. In recent years, it has played an increasingly important role in urban beautification. Reliefs are as rich and colorful as round sculptures in content, form and material. It mainly has several forms such as shrine type, high relief, shallow relief, line carving, and hollow type. The ancient grotto stone crafts in my country can be attributed to shrine stone crafts. According to different modeling techniques, they can be divided into realistic, decorative and abstract; This kind of relief has a strong contrast between light and dark, and the visual effect is outstanding; the bas-relief has large compression and small ups and downs, which not only maintains a kind of architectural planarity, but also has a certain sense of volume and ups and downs; line carving is a combination of painting and stone. The combination of handicrafts, which is produced by light and shadow, uses light instead of writing, and even has some subtle ups and downs, giving people an elegant and reserved feeling;
3. Openwork
The relief without the bottom plate is called open carving (hollow carving). The bottom plate of the so-called relief is removed, so as to generate a variety of negative spaces, and make the contour lines of the negative space and the positive space have a rhythm of mutual transformation. This technique was often used on doors, windows, railings and furniture, and some can be viewed from both sides. In addition to the above two forms, stone crafts can be roughly divided into five types according to their functions: commemorative stone crafts, theme stone crafts, decorative stone crafts, functional stone crafts and display stone crafts.